Ethnology and anthropology, the evolution of the names "anthropology" and "ethnology" reveals a lot about the field's shifting focus and key conflicts. Even though we now take both to be intimately related—"anthropology" is the analysis of humankind, and "ethnology" is the research of culture—this wasn't always the case. The connotations of the two words used to be distinct, if not antagonistic. In the nineteenth and eighteenth centuries, "anthropology" referred to the study of the entire nature of man and placed a strong emphasis on classifying physical traits, frequently to demonstrate the basic distinctions between humans. The study of human races, or "ethnology," comprised linguistics, physical characteristics, and cultural traits as proof of human connections. That we now refer to cultural groups as "ethnic Differences and particularity reveal the revolutionary shift that has taken place. This must examine works in the anthropology and ethnology fields that discuss theory, policy, and behavior, with an emphasis on significant global challenges and concerns. that people are currently confronting around the world. Original research papers, conference summary, intellectual discussions, academic discussions, research syntheses, fieldwork reports, and book reviews are all welcome. It aims to introduce accomplishments that represent the highest possible level of anthropological and ethnological studies worldwide (not just in China or Asia); to foster academic exchanges between western and non-western circles; to facilitate conversations and interactions about the world's or region's hot topics; and to create a forum for communication among the international scientific communities of anthropology and ethnology. The age of exploration and conquest offered the intellectual and political struggle for the Enlightenment before it started the scientific study of the human and natural universe. How should the peoples that Europeans encountered in the Americas, Africa, and Asia be described, clarified, and governed? Anthropology was established as, and has mostly remained, a field of study of "primitive" non-European others by "enlightened" European and American observers. The history of European colonization of North America and the emergence of American nationalism are paralleled by the shifting field of anthropology. The process was accelerated and made more difficult by the immigration of people from Europe and Asia as well as the importation of slaves from Africa. The study of ethology is expanding quickly. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, scientists have reexamined and come to new understandings in a number of areas relating to animal communication, emotions, culture, learning, and sexuality. New disciplines have emerged, such neuro ethology. Animal training can benefit from an understanding of ethology or animal behavior. Trainers can choose the individuals most qualified to carry out the desired duty by taking into account the inherent behaviors of various types or breeds. Additionally, it gives trainers the ability to promote the display of naturally occurring behavior’s and the cessation of undesired behaviors. A number of journals, including Animal Behavior, Animal Welfare, Applied Animal Behavior Science, Animal Cognition, Behavior, Behavioral Ecology, and Ethology: International Journal of Behavioral Biology, cover the developments in the field of ethology, which is now a recognized scientific discipline. The Human Ethology Bulletin, the official publication of the International Society for Human Ethology, was formed to foster discussion of insights into human behavior achieved via the use of ethological concepts and techniques.