Coastal Zone Management is a process for the management of the coast using an integrated approach, regarding all aspects of the coastal zone, including geographical and political boundaries, in an attempt to achieve sustainability. It incorporates all the subjects reflecting the altering character of numerous beachfront territories, from conventional asset-based lifestyles to administration based tourism and recreation lifestyles.

Natural environments that produce brackish water have a salinity that is higher than that of freshwater but lower than that of seawater. It can happen in brackish fossil aquifers or as a result of the mixing of fresh water with salt water, as in estuaries. Without changing the structure in its entire setting, it is impossible to analyse how the port breakwaters affect coastal erosion. Additionally, the relationship between "vulnerability" and "risk" must be considered while approaching it. The risk is mostly associated with hydraulics, which is the erosive power, and morphology to a lesser extent. It is known that morphodynamics and lithology are related to the vulnerability. Given the wide range of characteristics and the fact that a port breakwater is almost always a prototype, it is very challenging to draw generalisations that hold true in all circumstances. However, if we limit ourselves to a few specific standard scenarios, we may understand the main consequences that the port breakwaters have on the environment.

Ports in an isolated environment Ports in remote areas have tidal seas and very little to no river contribution in the basins. The incidental waves in this instance diffract on the pierhead, and the breakwater is positioned perpendicular to their direction of propagation. This phenomena alters the wave directions of assault at the coast, upsetting a preexisting equilibrium and causing erosion of varying importance depending on the lithological makeup of the shore. • If the coast is sandy, erosion is significant but limited in scope if there is no coastal current.

• If the coast is rocky, erosion is minimal. While erosion processes can be controlled, they are not the same as those associated with pollution brought on by harbour traffic because basins are relatively isolated constructions with little to no contact with the open sea. Port with an oceanic rivermouth Tides and coastal currents can affect ports that are situated at a river's mouth in a body of water. In this situation, the river flow shouldn't be hampered by the breakwater that serves as protection against incidental waves. They are therefore constructed to extend this one's bed. Thus, the port's entrance comprises of two parallel breakwaters that are often constructed perpendicular to the coast.

• The stability of the coast in tide- and coastal-current-affected seas results from a delicate balance between erosion caused by the movement of sediments downstream and fattening caused by the contribution of sediments from upstream. Building breakwaters perpendicular to the coast prevents the passage of coastal debris and breaks this balance. Due to the breakwater's blockage of the coastal current, the sediments carried downstream by the coastal current are not made up for by a contribution upstream, which leads to higher erosion. As a result, the coast is severely battered by waves downstream of the work due to refraction around it. Port with a sizable estuary at its mouth Here, protecting the estuary's mudflat area is more crucial than ensuring the stability of the coastal feature. In fact, the upper portion of an estuary typically represents a wetland of significant ecological importance in the absence of human interference.