DNA demethylation is the mechanism by which a methyl group in DNA is separated from nucleotides. Both DNA demethylation and methylation play important roles in the development and differentiation of mammals, as well as in cognition and neuroregeneration (after mammalian peripheral nerve injury)

DNA cytosine methylation at CpG sites on a gene promoter contributes to the silencing of gene expression, while gene promoter DNA demethylation is related to transcriptional activation and gene expression

DNA methylation: DNA methylation is a biological process that adds methyl groups to DNA molecule. Methylation can alter a DNA segment's behavior without altering the sequence DNA methylation usually acts to repress gene transcription when found in a promoter region. DNA methylation is essential for normal development in mammals and is associated with a number of key processes including genomic imprinting, inactivation of the X-chromosome, repression of transposable elements, aging and carcinogenesis.

"DNA" methylation is observed in three separate sequence ways in plants and other organisms: CG (or CpG), CHG or CHH (where H refers to A, T or C). However, in mammals DNA methylation is almost exclusively Present in CpG dinucleotides, with cytosines usually methylated on both sides. However, non-CpG methylation can be observed in embryonic stem cells and has also been shown in neural development

Conserved function of DNA methylation: Vertebrates' DNA methylation environment is very different when compared to other species. In mammals, approximately 75% of CpG dinucleotides are methylised in somatic cells DNA methylation appears as a default state that has to be specifically excluded from defined locations

High CpG methylation has an evolutionary expense in mammalian genomes as it increases the likelihood of spontaneous mutations. Loss of amino-groups occurs with a high cytosine frequency, with various impacts depending on their methylation. Methylated C residues deaminate spontaneously over time to form T residues

DNA modification of cytosine (Cyt) is an significant epigenetic marker which plays regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes, including embryogenesis, carcinogenesis, and gene depression. The alteration of mammalian cytosine DNA is a complex process . An addition of the methyl group creates 5-methylcytosine (5mC)

Due to the importance of DNA demethylation process in mammalian, the intermediates including 5mC, 5hmC and 5fC have been consecutively quantified in different biological samples to explore their function

Authors can submit their manuscript related to Stem Cells and DNA/RNA suppresser protein related topic as an email attachment to the mentioned mail ids genetech@peerjournals.com or genetechnol@molbioljournal.org

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