A common target of all viruses in general and RNA viruses in particular is nucleolus, a dynamic sub-cellular organelle that employs the apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor (AATF) as its surveillance sensor. It is in this context the AATF RNome, that holds AATF coding transcript and regulatory non-coding miR-2909 within its fold, assumes importance because of its ability to tailor cellular response against a given sensed viral-dependent host-cell nucleoli subversion. НLs phenomenon is exemplLfied by the ability of HIV-1 to conspicuously target AATF RNome that ensures cellular antiviral defense through the initiation of CCL5 and RIG-1 signaling response as well as by regulating chromatin dynamics to restrict HIV-1 latency

Human AATF/ Che-1 RNome finds its origin from the genomicsegment of about 108 Kb size that maps on Chromosome 17 at 17 q11.2- q12. Interestingly in the same chromosomal region, there are several genes encoding proteins that either have binding DٹnLty for nucleic acids or act as chemokine’s including CCL5 . AATF RNome assumed importance because it holds AATF coding transcript and regulatory non-coding micro-RNA designated as miR-2909 within its fold to exhibit circadian rhythmical behavior as a result of epigenetic cross-talk between RNome and master-genes responsible for the regulation of host immunity, energy metabolism and cellular oncogenic/oncostatic activities. AATF encoding transcript gives rise to phosphoprotein, containing 558 amino acids, that not only is highly conserved from yeast to man but is expressed in all human tissues with stronger expression in brain, heart, thymus, kidney and placenta