Genome stability in DNA

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It gives us great pleasure to announce the call for paper on the occasion of 05th Anniversary of the Journal .The Journal of Cell Signaling accepts all types of articles including research, review, case reports, commentaries, hypotheses, meeting reports and short reports. This scientific journal is using Editorial Tracking System for maintaining quality in peer review process.

Author Name: Keith Howell

Category Name: Genetics an molecular biology

Recent breakthrough in Genes:

DNA repair helps ensure genome stability, which in turn allows cells to function and promotes health in all organisms. Double-strand DNA breaks are especially toxic to cells, and researchers had assumed for decades that these breaks floated inside cell nuclei without direction, until they trigger other cellular changes or happen on a fixer mechanism. That thinking began to change in 2015, when Karim Mekhail and his lab showed that damaged DNA can be intentionally transported by motor protein 'ambulances' to DNA 'hospitals,' areas enriched with certain repair factors in the nuclei. The researchers later worked with U of T aerospace engineers to show that after a single double-strand break, DNA travels for repair via long 'autobahns' of thread-like microtubules, which are also moving. In the current study, Mekhail and lead author Roxanne Oshidari looked at yeast cells with many DNA double-strand breaks, and showed that coordination between shorter types of microtubule filaments and liquid-like droplets composed of DNA repair proteins enables the creation and function of a DNA repair centre.

The liquid droplets work with intranuclear microtubules to promote the clustering of damaged DNA sites," says Mekhail, an associate professor of laboratory medicine and pathobiology at U of T. "Repair proteins at these different sites assemble in droplets that fuse into a larger repair-centre droplet, through the action of the shorter nuclear microtubules."

The complex process is easy to miss when looking at DNA damage sites, says Mekhail, largely because imaging in the field has become highly automated. Most software has been set up to see what has already been seen. "We can't rely on the old ways of observing," he says. "We need to update our software and also go back to looking with the human eye, guided by simulations when needed.

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